HIV and Aids

Adrian Helberg

HIV and Aids task

This task is to demonstrate and illustrate the statistics of HIV and Aids in South Africa. 

The definition of HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

The following statistics is of the HIV and Aids in South Africa.

Estimated HIV prevalence (%) among antenatal clinic attendees, by province

Province	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
KwaZulu-Natal	33.5	36.5	37.5	40.7	39.1	39.1	38.7	38.7	39.5
Mpumalanga	29.2	28.6	32.6	30.8	34.8	32.1	34.6	35.5	34.7
Free State	30.1	28.8	30.1	29.5	30.3	31.1	31.5	32.9	30.1
Gauteng	29.8	31.6	29.6	33.1	32.4	30.8	30.5	29.9	29.8
North West	25.2	26.2	29.9	26.7	31.8	29.0	30.6	31.0	30.0
Eastern Cape	21.7	23.6	27.1	28.0	29.5	28.6	28.8	27.6	28.1
Limpopo	14.5	15.6	17.5	19.3	21.5	20.6	20.4	20.7	21.4
Northern Cape	15.9	15.1	16.7	17.6	18.5	15.6	16.5	16.2	17.2
Western Cape	8.6	12.4	13.1	15.4	15.7	15.1	15.3	16.1	16.9
National	24.8	26.5	27.9	29.5	30.2	29.1	29.4	29.3	29.4

Provinces that recorded the highest HIV prevalence were KwaZulu-Natal (39.5%), Mpumalanga (34.7%), Free State (30.1%) and the North-west (30%). The Northern Cape and Western Cape recorded the lowest prevalence at 17.2% and 16.9% respectively.

Estimated HIV prevalence (%) among South Africans aged 2 years and older, by age, 2002-2008

Age	2002	2005	2008
Children (2-14 years)	5.6	3.3	2.5
Youth (15-24 years)	9.3	10.3	8.7
Adults (25 and older)	15.5	15.6	16.8
15-49 year olds	15.6	16.92	16.9
Total (2 and older)	11.4	10.8	10.9

Estimated HIV prevalence among South Africans, by age and sex, 2008

Age	Male prevalence %	Female prevalence %
2-14	3.0	2.0
15-19	2.5	6.7
20-24	5.1	21.1
25-29	15.7	32.7
30-34	25.8	29.1
35-39	18.5	24.8
40-44	19.2	16.3
45-49	6.4	14.1
50-54	10.4	10.2
55-59	6.2	7.7
60+	3.5	1.8
Total	7.9	13.6

Among females, HIV prevalence is highest in those between 25 and 29 years old; among males, the peak is in the group aged 30-34 years.

HIV prevalence (%) by province 2002-2008

Province	2002	2005	2008
KwaZulu-Natal	11.7	16.5	15.8
Mpumalanga	14.1	15.2	15.4
Free State	14.9	12.6	12.6
North West	10.3	10.9	11.3
Gauteng	14.7	10.8	10.3
Eastern Cape	6.6	8.9	9.0
Limpopo	9.8	8.0	8.8
Northern Cape	8.4	5.4	5.9
Western Cape	10.7	1.9	3.8
National	11.4	10.8	10.9

Erosion

Erosion is one of the big problems we have in the environment. There are lots of different types of erosion but on the farm we have three main types; rill, sheet and gully erosion. We have a lot of conservation projects that we run to repair the soil and to avoid erosion.

In this photos you will see on of the projects in the Springbuck flats that we want to enhance plant growth in soil that suffers from sheet erosion.

The way we deal with soil erosion is a very cost effective way and is called branching. The first thing we do is to go out to the site and assess the problem and log it on the GPS. We do planning and decide what to do then we go and cut branches from Sickelbush or Acacias and put then on the treated area then we can use grass and other plant material. This way the top soil isn’t going to get blown away and all of the seeds that is taking a ride with the wind in going to get caught in the branches and new grass will grow there. This helps also that the rain drops don’t compact the soil as much.

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252453, 252468, 8336

Harvesting of Flora

Harvesting of Flora

The first thing you have look for when harvesting flora is what species is a problem and what is the impact of the plants in the environment. You have to go to the site and see where the treated area is and plot it to a specific area on the GPS.  When doing this you must do a pre cutting plan and mark all the endangered plant species. Before the team of cutters go in they must be taken through the whole area to make it clear to them what is expected to happen. There must be supervisor there at all times to make sure everything goes to plan. After everything is done a after assessment must be done of the job that is done.

When doing this type of job safety is the one thing to always keep in mind. The correct OHS equipment must be worn at all times and good communication must be in place. When working with equipment like a chainsaw or brush cutter you have to go for training before using it.

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